AI - An interview with Alex Garland via Lex Fridman's podcast AI

I watch listen and read about AI with interest, not because I understand it, but more, I need to understand it, simply because I can see how our building will at some point integrate AI into its fundamental running,

So often we design and detail building in the vain hope that the client and subsequent owners will run the building as we envisaged, clean it as we want and occupy it in the way he told us in the brief. But in reality, this is never quite to way, Clients don't understand, or can't afford it, or simply think they know best !!

AI will, if used correctly, run the building as we envisaged, and adapt as life depicts, understand new owners and shout loudly when they abuse the design.

To this end, I listen to a podcast and also read Lex Fridman's articles on the subject, his latest podcast and one I have listened to twice is a conversation he has with Alex Garland, this link takes you to a page with almost every podcast player, choose your poison. But the video is below via YouTube.

Alex Garland is a writer, not a trained scientist or physicist, his claim to fame are plenty, but the three films I like most taken from his work are:

• Ex Machina, 
• Devs, 
• Annihilation

But it's Ex Machina I watch time and time again, each time picking up on how the robot, works and thinks, or how the automation of the dwelling works if you have not seen it, look it up on Netflix, There is so much to see and understand around AI, how complex the algorithms must be to even start to work at the level he imagines.

Apart from the real question of AI, how do we teach this to aspiring construction graduates across the broad spectrum of disciplines found in Architecture? My own thoughts are that we should introduce the subject at the undergraduate level, but concentrate on the construction, materials sequence of operations, teaching an understanding of sharing their work in a manner that allows a complete understanding of the building materials used plus the art of detailing, and introduce this concept of programming gently, simple use of Dynamo or Grasshopper, the use of spreadsheets generated from the model which relies on good sound data input, and leave the more complicated stuff to Masters and above.

Even at undergraduate level, I teach the use of a digital plan, so often this is aimed at understanding the way technology will be used during the construction phase and into the life of the building, perhaps the way AI is used at this later stage is the work at Masters and above.

CPD via Stitcher - AI interview with George Hotz

This morning as I walked from the station to the University, I was listening, as I mostly do this time of the morning, to a podcast, I have a backlog at present to go through, but this mornings joy was a podcast on Data, a subject I am particularly interested in.

I currently run a course entitled IDD, or Integrated Digital Design., which for the most part looks at how data at a simple level is added and used in the design, my data page on Scays.co.uk is dedicated to this with a series of slide presentations and gets regular updates.

But this morning my attention was drawn to the bus stop I was walking past, and the way old paper time tables have now been replaced with digital time tables, ok so I have written about this before, so I started to ponder this subject, can I access this data in the same way I can with similar data like the training for trains running on the Dorridge Chiltern line.

The more I look into this subject the more I find new items to ponder, like AI, my next podcast was an interview with George Hotz, see right, on Autopilot, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of a Podcast by Lex Fridman, now this is a long interview and you have to stay with it, and some is just not relevant to construction, but several times I thought, oh, need to make a note of that, or could this also refer to construction, or FM, ie Facilities Management.

On a whole, it is a review of AI, with a bent towards cars autopilot, but it so outlines the thinking of AI and I could easily see it's relevance to Architecture, data and of course BIM.

The Interview is 119 minutes long and you need time to listen to it, I split it up into several timeouts. The podcast as a whole is excellent, as the name implies its all about AI, is this relevant to my CPD, of course, we can not teach or use Data, without taking in this subject.

I tend to use Stitcher as my prefered podcast player, just search for "Artificial Intelligence (AI)" Lex Fridman, within the App and look for this podcast, or search via this link there is also a video via Youtube of the interview if you're so inclined.

I am claiming 3 hours high-quality CPD for this, listening to the interview, making notes, and some quiet thinking time. Visit my private website to view my CPD Spreadsheet.

Architectural Technologist - Data Convergence Specialist

One of the points I raised in my professorial speech was the way the algorithms we use now, and we will use in the future, are generated and written.

Whether we like it or not, data is going to become a huge part of the Technologists day to day work. For many of us it's going to be the generation of the core base that will eventually generate so much more data, plus the use of external data, that together with the data we helped to generate, will form the backdrop to much of the oldschool work we have traditionally done like detailing, spec writing etc.

We as technologists might under stand the construction but few of us understand the way the algorithms are written and to be truthful, the answers they give yet alone the deeper use of the data we genrerate. Ok the low level use at the contract stage is our first stab in the way some of this data can be used, but take it just a little further, and, we hand over to computer programmers who, are not so well versed in construction, or construct methods, to read the data we help generate and mix an match to external sensor data, and make conclusions based on what they can understand from us.

Current use of CAD data, in the form of BIM does not come close to the future I see just around the corner

Unfortunately it's not a two way exchange, we rarely get to see the methods, and if we do, can we understand it.

It's clear to me that a new branch of Architectural technology needs to be invented, that of the 'Data Convergence' specialist, who can live on both sides of the equation, construction trained as well as computer programmer.

So over the comming moths, I plan to investigate these algorithym a little exploring how they can be generated by us, starting with parhaps a mind map, then the flow chart, I use Lucidchart to do this, so should be fun.

The video below is a little long at a touch over 30 mins, but its well worth the time to get the basics and a little more. I must admit to watching it twice, once to get the feel, and once to make notes, stop and review.

Related articles

• Algorithms for Big Data
• Architectural Technology - Data, Data and more data, oh and the Nest
• Architectural Technology - white board use

CIAT CPD Officers Meet 20-06-2016

In about five weeks, or on the 20th June 2016, all the region CIAT CPD officers will meet in City Road, London, to discuss CPD. As yet I have seen no agenda, but you know me, thats not going to stop me making a list of things I want to talk about, from manufacturers presentations, to real study time, to reading lists, to note taking to building up some sort of personal archive of information. to just an electronic record system.

I also want to discus the way BIM seems to be taking hold of CAD, not that thats a bad thing, just the way the "CAD" bit is being dropped and I hear only I am going to BIM this up, not CAD or draw it up. Yet BIM surely should be on the list as it will and is affecting the way we draw, and also with it huge potential for data rules base, or internal / external algorithms, and how it will be shared via IFC.

Evernote, or anything similar, is there anything!, should surely be discussed, as the personal archive I mentioned before.

Is there a place for online lecture, or hangouts, I attend several and find then just as good, with no travel time.

I wonder if the way academic papers are written and viewed, might be discussed, its a major way to learn and research a subject, but for many its a system that might be unknown, thinking its only for academics, yet its not, and so many of the AT universities might well help is reading and advising on a papers format and subject.

So there it is, if you want to add to my list,  drop me a line and  will raise it, or contact your local CPD officer.

Todays photo is of the old Queens Hotel that was built onto the side of Curzon Street Station Birmingham the subject of much discussion as HS2 becomes more of a certainty,  and pulled down as part of the saving of the main station entrance building. I have never seen any other photos of the hotel building, one of the other lecturers who was heavily involved in the work says there are some, so watch this space to see if they turn up. This shot was from the rear of the site looking south West wish.

On Air CPD with Podcasts

I am a massive fan of podcast, they are usually the audio versions but some like Leo La Ports Twit shows I often take as the lite video version.

I am appalled that so much is made of strict manufacturer lectures,  have aired my feelings on this in many of my blogs, and just recently at the Region 5 meet.

Its to ridged and inflexible, perhaps another way is to listen to the many podcasts that are available, My list stretches from History, through to Technology, touching on a little social, and a lot of global news both general , and political, the SA elections at present are a real interest.

But Tech news for computing is probably my favourite at the moment with Twit tv blogs, I like This week in Google, even though I have gone away from them back to Apple, and Triangulation. a show that looks at the greats of computing.

The FT is my business new blog, and I also like the Guardian, although I don't buy the paper, the podcast is not bad.

I don't have to make a specific time, to listen to my blogs, I tend to do it either driving, or walking my dog, don't ask, Barley is well up to speed on computing.

I am also a big fan of Science and love the Guardian's Science podcast.
All downloadable from iTunes store and onto the Podcast play app, which auto downloads all my listening and shows them as unplayed,

There are not many construction podcasts of note, I am trying "The Construction Leading Edge Podcast" at present, it seems to publish quite regularly, 7 issues so far this year 2016, so I'll let you know. Its lot and I mean a lot of effort to produce a show thats worthy of releasing, so I am not surprised at the lack of shows related to our industry, I would like one just for us, and I have thought about it many times, but the time just is not there.

So there it is, another way to increase your quality CPD without spending at leat 2 hours either side of a 1 hour manufacture presentation, just plug in and enjoy.

A list of SitesThe University is going great, lots of interesting work being produced, I have the SUDS material to mark this week, looking forward to it.

It's not been an easy few weeks, so much to do and so little time, the blog had to go on hold for a while, whilst I caught up.
But thats it, I am back , I hope without interruption for a while.
Todays photo is on all the blogs I run, although this is my main outlet for writing, the others are also used, so please use the list below to take a gander ever now and them

 I think I may have mentioned it previously, the old archive is back up in all its glory, ( Konstrukshon CPD Archive All the blogs from the old site )

I have also swapped back to Mac Mail, and most things Mac, not because I do not like Google, but because was just a little tired of the slight conflict you get, trying to run a Mac whilst using some of Google products, Its a waste of good resources, so I am back to Mac.

Old construction is still a major interest, I have joined a group called AEEBC ( The Association of European Building Experts ) to help write a book on the subjects, we had the first meet yesterday at CIAT, City Road, very excited about that.

One area of book writing has interested me yet again is the format, paper, or electronic, I use both, and can't really decide whats best, so keep tags on Smintke where I will try and explore my thoughts.

My Site List :

My Blog List

O- Konstrukshon CPD My CPD blogs ( This Site )

O- Konstrukshon CPD Archive All the blogs from the old site

O- Scays Its all about the Name Scaysbrook

O- Horfðu framtíðar My Futurist thoughts and ideas

O- Konrannsoknir Research and storage of ideas

O- Smintke Electronic Book Writing

It's been a funny old month

Work just seemed to take over in the last few weeks, it looked a little scares for a while, then suddenly I have a lot of paperwork and reading to do, a couple of small jobs came in and I decide that my love afar with Google gmail was coming to an end.

It started as all relationships, full on and lots to talk, but in recent months things have not being going well, I wanted more, so I looked back and decided to take another look at Apples Mail program. I wrote this up in an earlier blog, I had made some mistakes and now needed to sort these out once and for all,,,, it took a while, but I am glad to say I have got it sorted, and a big thank you to Apples Tech support, just excellent, and something Google just does not have.

Back to construction, and a few ideas for papers have piled up in my note book, so I need to look these over some will be downgraded to a blog, some I will keep and expand.

I took a look at Google Earth this week, mostly because I am updating my presentation notes on Architecture, and one of the points I an trying to make is the way shadow's across a building changes, so I have pulled in a screen show to show the way the leading edge of the sun rising at dawn is slightly angles, this angle changes over the months, but its slope shows clearly why France is an hour ahead of us for most of the year,the google map add ons and tools allow you to see this hence todays photo.

So back to the moleskin and a few more notes and sketch's

8 Types of Big Data for a construction Project

A single large construction  project is going to collect a lot of data throughout the design and construction phase of its life culminating with all the data it will collect during its operational life of say 60 years. but the types of data can easily be split split into 6 different types of data.

When we look at all the data we generate for a building you might just look at it all and think we are entering the world of Big Data, but here we have to be a little careful on the word "big" as we compare different uses of the word Big, when we look at the 2560 terabytes of data that retailer Walmart collects every hour by capturing customer transactions, and the vast size of all the videos on /youtube although spread over many servers its estimated to be in the several Exabytes,

by comparison Birmingham city Council in 2007 had 7 terabyte of storage just for there immediate data only storage needs for  roughly 35,000 staff, this probable That this doubled every year meaning after 19 years of planning going digital and so many services adding new data types they must be in the 1000 terabytes or more, of data storage.

So is our small building to be considered big data, not on its own no,considering the list below I can see all a medium buildings data being kept within say 2 terabytes, but when we start to build our building file structure and link it into a big city data scenario them perhaps yes it is big data, not because of its data storage but use of data, from external sources, like weather centres and traffic data whose storage could easily be considered big data.

Add to that the handling problem from the shear size to the vast array of file types the different types of data and the sorts of error we are bound to see that are so common in big data sets.

So what are we looking at, my best guess is a building well need 7 different file types :

Design & Cad Data

There will be a large collection of CAD files related to any building from simple details to the larger floor files to 3D files for almost all the major cad packages, to ifc files from nay different members of the team as they update their drawings. Plus of course survey files from simple data loggers to point cloud laser scans. Its here all the emails and letters scanned in will be stored for reference.

Quick data

This will be for those files associated with immediate access, marketing web site. a more open access, ideal for web site and public data.

Related Data

Purchased data will form part of the life cycle of may building, looking at weather patterns, sensor data on incoming weather, met office data and the like, stored for easy access by the buildings autonomous software.

Dark Data

Video , pictures and audio files are now forming a great archive record and from the initial survey through to the eventual demolition a building might have several hours of footage taken.

Contractor Data

Manufacturer data of all equipment purchased, by the contractor I differentiate this from the CAD files as it will be generated by the contractors purchases of all materials and equipment, and will be detailed enough to see say an individual toilet purchased and where it was installed in the building.

Sensor Data

Over the life of a building it will record the sensor data from many thousands of small sensors embedded within the fabric of the building, some pinging data hourly some hardly at all, but some on a more frequent basis of perhaps minute by minute.

Operational data

For a building to organise its self it needs to know whats going on in its rooms, so activity booking diaries will be the norm, its not huge, but needs to be accounted for in my data types, Also stored here are the buildings operational or autonomous programs and the add on suites to support it , with records of heating temperatures and fuel use and the like.

Time Lapse Video - So much to see

I am a massive fan of Time Lapse video, I think its an excellent way to teach construction, the number of site videos out there is well worth trawling. But this video is all about weather, and shadow, its effect on a building and how the building deals with it, although the last part is so up the the lecturer to explain, I take my students on a walk though the old Birmingham to show this.
But for the mean time, take a look at how the weather creeps in, and brightens up, plus the shadows.

In or Out of Europe for the Architectural Technologist

Over the next few weeks as we head for the poles on the 5th May 2016, we are going to get some pressure from both sides to vote one way or the other.

Foe me its not a simple yes or no, I have many questions, and all I can say at present is I am errring on the Exit side, mostly because of the way law is added to the UK by none elected people, and who I have no control over,,,,,,  but I will change my side several times in the weeks to come, so before I final head one way or the other I need to ask some questions, research some facts and read a little,

But one area I have been asked is, will an exist affect the UK Architectural Technology Market. The simple answer is I have no real idea, I have a gut feel and its more the labour market for site more than anything else, but perhaps we need to sit and think things through a little.

So my starting list of items to consider looks like this :

Exit

• We loose a wide pool of general contractor labour
• Some materials might be more expensive
• Jobs for local projects probably will increase as European offices open up UK branch for tax and administrative reasons
• I have not really seen many projects in the EU being that important to UK Architects, so leaving might not matter here, Big global projects for the like of Zaha Hadid and Foster offer no change.
• But the question of investment in the Uk still bothers me, a lot to be looked at on this point
• Some materials might be limited or have a import tax added, costs might go up, manufacturing here, is it better
• BBA certificate cross boarders never really worked so no change
• Current British standards harmonised to EU:BS might revert back, but why bother they are good standards and keeping in sink will help even if we leave.
• What do the USA think, they have always stated the UK is their contact with the EU, does leaving alter that, good or bad !
• The political question of England Ireland and Scotland, what if one votes the opposite way to England, this 2015  article by Jane Merrick on the independent site explores this.

Stay

• We still have a large pool of contractor staff
• BS will inevitable remain the same
• Same goes for Building Regs
• Material supply remain the same
• Life goes on no change

As you can see, a lot to think about, so I shall come back to this post several times I think in the weeks to come, to update and add comment.

But in the meantime take a look at this excellent article on Building Specifier aimed squarely at the construction industry by Jamie Smith on leaving or not the EU, and this article in the Huffington Post by Simon Thomas argues some good points on Investment and the problems of leaving.

I am beginning to see that its not just a question of Architectural Jobs or just the Construction industry, there are a lot of interwoven links and internal political problems to be considered.

Take a long look at this article in this sat Daily Mail Melvyn King ex head of the Bank of England talks about Europe, seems to me it's another reason to leave.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3488649/The-eurozone-s-calamity-brutally-candid-interview-former-Bank-England-governor-Mervyn-King-reveals-profound-worries-single-currency-mighty-Germany.html

Dessau Bauhaus Video

You might well take some time from modern construction methods and Architecture, to view this video on the BauHaus movement.

I have long been fascinated by the ethos and the way it was set up and funded, sadly the outcome in terms of actual construction was not as good as you might expect, but its so worth the time to watch.

I have watched this twice now, which together with my past reading, I have made my private notes in Evernote.

Should we aspire to this again, I think not, but the example of some of the thought process and idealism yes, a greater understanding of materials and a more hands on approach to the physical use and assembly of materials, yes.

The Bauhaus which operated from operated from 1919 to 1933, and closed by the Nazis rise in power,  was first founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus during the first years of its existence did not have an architecture department. Nonetheless, it was founded with the idea of creating a "total" work of art in which all arts, including architecture, would eventually be brought together.

As it happens, A cool €25M has been set aside to build a major Bauhaus Museum in Dessau, Germany, the second headquarters of the influential design movement started in 1919 by modernism's grandsire Walter Gropius. The new museum in Dessau City Park, which will have a permanent collection of nearly 40,000 Bauhaus objects, will ready in time to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the rigorous architecture and design school. At the same time, the Bauhaus Archive in Berlin will be spending €56M to open a new museum on the site, and renovate its historic Walter Gropius-designed building.

Ambient Back Scatter

One of the problems I see in placing Sensors within any element, is the life of the sensors battery battery thats powering it. if we are to place sensors deep in the construction, then replacing then when the battery is down might be difficult.

This technology called "Ambient Back Scatter"is based on the ambient power in the signals in the air, it just might be the way to power the sensors for the life of the buildings.

Well worth looking at, there are several papers on the subject, just look at Google Scholar, and search for Ambient Back Scatter.

Walter Segal update

I have just added an old 1966 television program from Youtube to the first post in this set of articles on Walter Segal, this time however, I thought I would separate Walters work with this video looking at his designs from a different perspective.

This link will take you to the Google Map, there is a lot of tree cover, but the site is there to be seen.

Walter Segal - Grand Designs

Grand Designs produced this program in 2014, its an up to date view of construction the Walter Segal Way, the construction, but more the people involved, and the problems.
But excellent all the sane.

Walter Segal

If you have followed my blog for the past few years, it will come as no surprise to learn of my fascination with the Architect Walter Segal.

I first came into contact with him and his method of timber frame building as a Tech guy in Dow Construction Products, we got involved with making a new updated version with Styrofoam as the loose core insulation not quilt, at the centre of Alternative Technology mid wales.

The Architect Jon Broom was the designers at the time, he worked with Walter, and although runs his own practice in London, he still has strong ties to the method Walter devised.

The AJ at about the same time printed a booklet attached to the AJ, it looked at the way he viewd materials, the method of layout, and his tartan grid that aided layout design by looking at the material sizes. I still have a copy and if you want a pdf for research, please let me know I send a link to down load it.

Recently I recieved an email from the the AA about an affordable Housinr exhibition featering Walter Segal and his self build houses in the London Borough of Lewisham, some 200 units, I was lucky enough to visit several of them with Jon and just loved the simplisity and easy style living.

You can read about the exhibition at this link to the AA site, I plan to take time to visit myself  Walter’s Way – The Self-Build Revolution until 13 February, Architectural Association School of Architecture, 36 Bedford Square, London

I had a lot of separate article on the old site, I will dig these out of my archive and repost over the coming weeks.

Pitched roof Eaves Detail

This is an article I made some time back and it was saved to my Evernote account via ifTTT, I thought I might reblog it.

I went through some of my saved details this morning, well I have been doing it for about a week now, looking through saved scraps I have made, from Skirting’s, to Screws, to plasterboard details, to this detailpitched eaves-1, I found of a pitched roof eaves detail, I can’t remember where I found it, but its not bad, the ventilation is there, the insulation in the right place, the cold bridging has been almost removed, I might not use the small batten at the ceiling edge, but as a detail it works.

So often I have saved details and come back to then years later, wondering whats so special about this, well from now on I save things like this into Evernote, with a small detailed description, perhaps if I can remember where I got it, or if I was the creator, pertinent notes on construction, and may be where I used it. Perhaps I might change it, with a little more support for the soffit, and a note on ventilation holes, the gutter I might make a little larger, and show the swan neck down pipe, and fixing, plus maybe a wall ties, again it’s partial fill, and you know how I dislike full fill cavity’s. The ceiling rafter from the truss is not shown, and the ties to the wall plate are not there, but as a detail it has some good points, so I have kept it.

I have made a note as to the file name, but there is enough from this picture for me to re create it from scratch, plus my notes to improve. Little by little my blue book is slowly moving to Evernote. Plus I have restricted my Categories to just the bare minimum, one, and filled out the tags to the limit.

CPD is obvious, this took me about 30 mins to find, check, make notes and load into Evernote, a good use of time and will assist in the future.

The Paris Climate Talks

Do we as Technologist really need to follow the Paris Climate Talks, the answer has to be yes on several levels, one we are probably more qualified than many of the people, who attended the meet, and decided or tried to decide, how we should tackle the problem, and secondly we can easily influence a lot of the problems by our detailing, specification and general design, plus its not a country problem, its a global problem, and we should take an interest.

So whats the best way to take note, well the article on the Huffinton Post by I think Eric Mann, is a dam good start, its a good intro into both the issues at stake, and the very political problems, plus the general misunderstanding on the measurements,

I suggest reading up on the Global temperture, the Nasa site is a good start, then try Roy Spencer and NOAA and finaly the Wiki Global Warming Page, if a tad frightening.

More sites

The Engineer

Then I suggest you take a look at any Passive Haus design page, the Passivehaus trust is a great start, or same site but their rules of thumb

Thats it for today, a bit doom and gloom, but its a problem that will not go away that easily, its going to take more than a bunch of political animals who have no real tech knowledge to sort it out, that I am afraid is really down to us.

There are many who seem to think its a load of whooy, well they have their opinion, but the evidence speaks for its self, its here, and its happening, todays graph I have seen fro several different sites, all say the same.
Take an interest please.

A site view not to miss, watch and learn

This week, I shall take some of my students to the top of a carpark roof to view a construction site below, its the ideal way to watch a site in daily operation, see the way the site is laid out and where and why construction is started.

We take with us the gantt chart and look for items that should be completed and whats just started.
I wanted to add a time lapse video, but it just got messy, so the photo is all I can do, except it will be the same photo spot and on each Friday, so given enough photos I can make a nice time lape video.

There is so much to be learned by just sitting and watching, shadow, rain its worth the time to observe, and see how it interacts with your details.
I like to touch and feel, old details, even on the surface there is still things to learn, drip details, overhangs, change of material, and in an old city ike Birmingham, there are detail example that have been working well for over 100 years.

So often details are the result of committees, groups of well meaning people who look after buildings and add things without realising the effects, adding pipes, drainage, ramps, thinking the builder will sort it out, so often not,,,,,,,

Related articles

• Sequence of Operations
• Architectural Technologist - Gantt Charts
• Great Western Arcade Glazing
• A Walk Through the back Streets of Birmingham
• Architectural Technologist - Model making
• My Students use of a Library

CPD records

I have for some time kept my cpd records via a spreadsheet, but over the last year, mostly due to teaching commitments, I have not kept it up, but as I have a little more time, I am back, and have started to fill in my records again.

Its an important job, you do need to keep a track of what, when and why, and where you got the information, I tend to store so much of what I read in Evernote, its just so easy to click the elephant and store a web page, or use my iPhone to scan in a page or article.

I wrote a detailed article on the spreadsheet make up some time back, take a look at my personal page for details, and also you can see the sheet with up to date hours as I type.

I have several projects on the go, and my paper to finish, so lots to go at

So Christmas is creeping up, and I still have loads to do, most of my presents are done, first time ever, normally I am rushing about, but this year for some reason its all done, thanks to Amazon I must state. Todays photo a small sketch I made to show brick coursing to my students, which reminds me I need to book the next CPD event, Ibstock have agreed to come and talk.

Vectorworks Marrionette

I received one of Jon Pickups weekly mailing list of topics discussed, and the highlight for me was the discussion on the way Marionette can be used, with BIM objects.

I am now in the final stages of my paper for ICAT and make mention of this fact, but the real power I don't think we have seen yet, and it will take a lot of experiment and trials to see how far we can take Marionette.

In the mean time tale a look at Jons post, and see his notes and I hope, the excellent GIF that steps through the problem. As always Jon is at the fore front of presentation and media use, I remember way back before Skype was mainstream Jon and I were constantly playing with the technology.

The use of GIF is not new, but it fits here so well

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